Prevalencia de hernia inguinal contralateral diagnosticada por peritoneoscopía con factores de riesgo, en niños y niñas menores de 5 años del 1 de marzo de 2015 al 31 de marzo de 2018 / Prevalence of contralateral inguinal hernia diagnosed by peritoneoscopy with risk factors, in boys and girls under 5 years of age from March 1, 2015 to March 31, 2018

Las hernias inguinales son las anomalías más comunes en pediatría que requieren de tratamiento quirúrgico. El 70% desarrolla una hernia inguinal unilateral y el 30% restante desarrolla hernia inguinal contralateral. La finalidad de llevar a cabo una exploración contralateral es disminuir el riesgo de recurrencia de hernias metacrónicas en pacientes de riesgo que tienen persistencia del processus vaginalis, así como evitar el daño a estructuras subyacentes por llevar a cabo una exploración abierta1,2. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de hernias inguinales contralaterales en niños y niñas menores de 5 años con factores de riesgo, identificadas a través de peritoneoscopía del 1 de marzo de 2015 al 31 de marzo del 2018 en el Hospital Roosevelt. El diseño de este estudio fue descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó en el departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Roosevelt en la ciudad de Guatemala. Los materiales y métodos empleados consistieron en un estudio realizado a través de la revisión de 128 expedientes de menores de 5 años del Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Roosevelt que hayan presentado una hernia inguinal entre el período indicado y a quiénes se les practicó peritoneoscopía. Como resultado se comprobó que la prevalencia de hernia inguinal contralateral diagnosticada por peritoneoscopía fue del 59% IC(44,72), 26 casos, en cuyos casos se efectuó cirugía correctiva bilateral, sin recurrencia. Esto permitió concluir que la prevalencia de hernias inguinales se da con mayor frecuencia en niños y niñas menores. (AU)

Inguinal hernias are the most common anomalies in pediatrics that require surgical treatment. 70% develop a unilateral inguinal hernia and the remaining 30% develop a contralateral metachronous inguinal hernia. The purpose of performing a contralateral examination is to decrease the risk of recurrence of metachronoushernias in risk patients who have persisten tprocessus vaginalis, as well as to avoid damage to underlying structures by conducting an open exploration1,2. The objective was to determine the prevalence of contralateral inguinal hernias in boys and girls under 5 years of age with risk factors, identified through peritoneoscopy from March 1, 2015 to March 31, 2018 at Roosevelt Hospital. The design of this study was descriptive and transversal. It was performed in the Pediatric Surgery department of the Roosevelt Hospital in Guatemala City. The materials and methods used consisted of a study conducted through the review of 128 records of children under 5 years of the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Roosevelt Hospital who presented an inguinal between the indicated period and who underwent peritoneoscopy. As a result, it was found that the prevalence of contralateral inguinal hernia diagnosed by peritoneoscopy was 59% IC(44,72) 26 cases, in which cases bilateral corrective surgery was performed, without recurrence. This allowed us to conclude that the prevalence of inguinal hernias occurs more frequently in boys and girl. (AU)

Reparo das hérnias abertas e laparoscópicas no Sistema Público de Saúde brasileiro. Estudo nacional baseado em dados populacionais em período de 11 anos / Open vs laparoscopic hernia repair in the brazilian public health system. an 11-year nationwide population-based study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall hernia is one of the most common surgical pathologies. The advent of minimally invasive surgery raised questions about the best technique to be applied, considering the possibility of reducing postoperative pain, a lower rate of complications, and early return to usual activities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of open and laparoscopic hernioplasties in Brazil from 2008 to 2018, analyzing the rates of urgent and elective surgeries, mortality, costs, and the impact of laparoscopic surgical training on the public health system. METHODS: Nationwide data from 2008 to 2018 were obtained from the public health registry database (DATASUS) for a descriptive analysis of the selected data and parameters. RESULTS: 2,671,347 hernioplasties were performed in the period, an average of 242,850 surgeries per year (99.4% open, 0.6% laparoscopic). The economically active population (aged 20-59) constituted the dominant group (54.5%). There was a significant reduction (P<0.01) in open surgeries, without a compensatory increase in laparoscopic procedures. 22.3% of surgeries were urgent, with a significant increase in mortality when compared to elective surgeries (P<0.01). The distribution of laparoscopic surgery varied widely, directly associated with the number of digestive surgeons. CONCLUSION: This study presents nationwide data on hernia repair surgeries in Brazil for the first time. Minimally invasive techniques represent a minor portion of hernioplasties. Urgent surgeries represent a high percentage when compared to other countries, with increased mortality. The data reinforce the need for improvement in the offer of services, specialized training, and equalization in the distribution of procedures in all regions.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Hérnias de parede abdominal são patologias cirúrgicas frequentes. O surgimento da cirurgia minimamente invasiva levantou questionamentos sobre a melhor técnica a ser aplicada, considerando a possível redução de dor pós-operatória e de complicações, e retorno precoce às atividades habituais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar frequência de hernioplastias abertas e laparoscópicas no Brasil entre os anos de 2008 e 2018, analisar taxas de cirurgias urgentes e eletivas, mortalidade, custos e o impacto do treinamento em cirurgia laparoscópica no sistema público de saúde. MÉTODOS Análise de banco de dados do registro de saúde pública (DATASUS) entre 2008 e 2018 para coleta dos dados e parâmetros selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 2.671.347 hernioplastias no período, média de 242.850 cirurgias/ano (99,4% abertas, 0,6% laparoscópicas). Predominou a faixa etária economicamente ativa (20-59 anos), 54,5% do total. Houve redução significativa das cirurgias abertas (P<0,01), sem aumento compensatório da laparoscopia. 22,3% das cirurgias foram de urgência, com aumento significativo da mortalidade em relação às cirurgias eletivas (P<0,01). Observou-se distribuição heterogênea da videolaparoscopia, diretamente relacionada com o número de cirurgiões digestivos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo apresenta pela primeira vez os dados populacionais das cirurgias de hérnia no Brasil. As técnicas minimamente invasivas representam uma parcela pouco significativa das hernioplastias. As cirurgias urgentes apresentam percentual elevado comparado a outros países, com aumento significativo na mortalidade, reforçando a necessidade de políticas que permitam aumento da oferta do serviço, treinamento especializado e equalização na distribuição dos procedimentos em todas as regiões.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la hernia inguinal recurrente en el adulto mayor / Risk factors associated with recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre algunos factores de riesgo y la hernia inguinal recurrente en el adulto mayor. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles en el decenio 2002-2011 en el Hospital "Celia Sánchez Manduley", de Manzanillo, Cuba. Se realizó inicialmente un análisis univariado, los factores que resultaron estadísticamente significativos en este último fueron escogidos para el análisis multivariado posterior. Resultados: En el análisis univariado se asociaron 11 variables a la recurrencia herniaria inguinal, excepto la Diabetes mellitus (p = 0,051). En el análisis multivariado se obtuvo un modelo más ajustado con las siguientes variables: demora mayor o igual a 3 años para la primera reparación (p = 0,00), cirugía urgente (p = 0,00) y deslizamiento de la hernia primaria (p = 0,00). Discusión: La demora en la cirugía implica que el paciente sea cada día más añoso y la hernia más compleja, aumentando el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas que agravan el pronóstico dando lugar a la recurrencia herniaria. Por otro lado, los riesgos que implica llevar a cabo la cirugía en la hernia inguinal complicada: aumento del tiempo quirúrgico, edema y tumefacción del complejo músculo-fascioaponeurótico, así como por el riesgo de infección del sitio operatorio. En las hernias inguinales deslizadas las recidivas son más frecuentes, debiéndose probablemente al alto grado de complejidad desde el punto de vista de su reparación. Conclusión: La demora mayor o igual a 3 años para la primera reparación, la cirugía urgente y el deslizamiento de la hernia primaria se asociaron significativamente a la hernia inguinal recurrente en el adulto mayor.

Objective: To evaluate the association between some risk factors and recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly. Materials and Method: An analytical case-control study was conducted in the 2002-2011 decade at the "Celia Sánchez Manduley" Hospital, of Manzanillo, Cuba. Initially, a univariate analysis was performed, factors that were statistically significant in the latter were chosen for the subsequent multivariate analysis. Results: In the univariate analysis, 11 variables were associated with inguinal hernia recurrence, except diabetes mellitus (p = 0.051). In the multivariate analysis a more adjusted model was obtained with the following variables: delay greater than or equal to 3 years for the first repair (p = 0.00), urgent surgery (p = 0.00) and sliding of the primary hernia (p = 0.00). Discussion: The delay in surgery implies that the patient is getting older and the hernia complex, increasing the risk of suffering from chronic diseases that aggravate the prognosis giving rise to hernia recurrence. On the other hand, the risks involved in carrying out surgery in complicated inguinal hernia: increased surgical time, edema and swelling of the muscle-fascio-aponeurotic complex, as well as the risk of infection of the operative site. In inguinal hernias slipped recurrences are more frequent, probably due to the high degree of complexity from the point of view of their repair. Conclusion: The delay greater than or equal to 3 years for the first repair, urgent surgery and the sliding of the primary hernia were associated significantly to recurrent inguinal hernia in the elderly

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas en pacientes operados de hernias inguinales / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics in surgically treated patients due to inguinal hernias

Introducción: La hernia inguinal constituye uno de los problemas más frecuentes en los servicios de cirugía general, pues suele presentarse en cualquier etapa de la vida. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con hernias inguinales, según algunas variables clínico-epidemiológicas. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de las 2 043 personas operadas por hernias inguinales en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, del 2009 al 2017. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (89,8 por ciento), el grupo etario de 61 y más años (45,7 por ciento) y las hernias primarias (94,4 por ciento). La antibioticoterapia profiláctica fue empleada en 73,6 por ciento, principalmente en los pacientes intervenidos con técnicas bioprotésicas (72,1 por ciento), quienes conformaron la mayoría de la serie (93,0 por ciento); de dichas técnicas la más utilizada fue la de Lichtenstein (97,7 por ciento). Conclusiones: Actualmente se discute el uso de la profilaxis antibiótica en quienes padecen hernias inguinales, las cuales mayormente se presentan en el sexo masculino y la tercera edad

Introduction: Inguinal hernia constitutes one of the most frequent problems in general surgery services, because it usually appears at any stage of life. Objective: To characterize patients with inguinal hernias, according to some clinical-epidemiological variables. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 2 043 surgically treated patients due to inguinal hernias was carried out in the General Surgery Service of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from 2009 to 2017. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (89.8 percent), 61 and over age group (45.7 percent) and primary hernias (94.4 percent). Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was used in 73.6 percent, mainly in patients surgically treated with bioprosthetics techniques (72.1 percent) who formed most of the series (93.0 percent); Lichtenstein technique was the most used of them (97.7 percent). Conclusions: Nowadays, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in those who suffer from inguinal hernias is discussed, which are mostly presented in male sex and the elderly

Hernia de Amyand. Reporte de caso / Amyand's hernia. Case report

La incidencia de la hernia de Amyand es muy baja. Siempre es diagnosticada en el transoperatorio, resulta casi imposible de realizar durante el pre-operatorio. Paciente femenina de 75 años de edad, con antecedentes de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante. Comenzó con dolor en epigastrio y en región inguinal derecha, además de náuseas y vómitos. Se identificó cicatriz quirúrgica y aumento de volumen en región inguinal derecha. Se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico clínico de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante encarcelada. Durante el acto operatorio se identificó apendicitis aguda supurada como contenido del saco herniario inguinal. Se procedió a la realización de la apendicetomía y reparación de la hernia, en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, y colocó la malla de polipropilenoe. Se aplicó antibióticos de amplio espectro. La paciente evolucionó de forma favorable. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico. El siguiente caso se presentó, pues a pesar de ser conocido, su incidencia es muy baja, por lo que existen dificultades para su diagnóstico (AU).

The incidence of Amyand's hernia is very low. It is always diagnosed in the trans-operatory period, being almost impossible during the pre-operatory period. This is the case of a female patient, aged 75 years, with antecedents of recidivist right inguinal hernia. It began with pain in epigastrium and in the right inguinal region in addition to nausea and vomits. Surgical scar and volume increase in the right inguinal region were identified. It was decided to make a surgery with the clinical diagnosis of incarcerated recidivist right inguinal hernia. During the surgery an acute suppurated appendicitis was identified as the content of the inguinal hernial sac. The appendectomy was carried out and hernia was repaired in the same surgical time; a polypropylene mesh was placed. Broad spectrum antibiotics were applied. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The case was presented because despite of being known, its incidence is very low, so there are difficulties for diagnosing it (AU).

Resultados de aplicación de la técnica herniorrafia laparoscópica transabdominal preperitoneal en Granma / Results of the use of preperitoneal transabdominal laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in Gramma province

Introducción: en Cuba, la reparación de las hernias de la región inguinocrural constituye una de las intervenciones más comunes realizadas por cirujanos generales. La cirugía videolaparoscópica establece una alternativa efectiva a la cirugía convencional, está indicada,sobre todo, en casos de hernias bilaterales, recidiva, y primarias. Objetivo: realizar una evaluación inicial de los primeros pacientes intervenidos con el método de herniorrafialaparoscópica transabdominal preperitonealen nuestra institución. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo de serie de casos donde fueron evaluados los pacientes sometidos a laherniorrafia laparoscópica transabdominalpreperitoneal. Constituyen los primeros casos intervenidos con esta modalidad en el Hospital Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes de Bayamo. Se emplearon como variables de estudio: edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, clasificación anatómica de las hernias, estadía posoperatoria, tiempo quirúrgico, y complicaciones presentes. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 56,8 años, el sexo masculino presentó esta hernia con más frecuencia, con 22 pacientes (84,6 por ciento). El índice de masa corporal fue de 24,9 como media. Las hernias más comunes fueron las inguinales indirectas (clasificación NyhusIIIb) con un 61,5 por ciento. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 109,4 minutos, con una estadía posoperatoria en estos pacientes de aproximadamente 16 horas. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron el hematoma del cordón y las parestesias. Conclusiones: la reparación laparoscópica en pacientes con hernias de la región inguinocrural constituye un método efectivo; está asociada a una recuperación más rápida de los pacientes, baja frecuencia de complicaciones, y resultados estéticos superiores a la cirugía convencional(AU)

Introduction: repairing hernias of the inguinocrural region is one of the most common procedures performed by general surgeons in Cuba. The laparoscopic surgery represents an effective alternative to conventional surgery, being especially indicated in bilateral, primary and relapsed hernias. Objective: to make an initial assessment of the first patients operated on by the preperitoneal transabdominal laparoscopic surgery method in our hospital. Method: a prospective study of case series was conducted, where patients who underwent preperitoneal transabdominal laparoscopic hernia repair were assessed. These were the first patients operated on with this type of hernia repair in Carlos Manuel de Cespedes university hospital of Bayamo, Gramma province. The study variables were age, sex, and body mass index, anatomic classification of hernias, postoperative length of stay, surgical time, and current complications. Results: the average age was 56.8 years, and men had more frequent occurrence (22 patients - 84.6 percent).The body mass index was 24.9 on average. The most common inguinal hernias were indirect (classification NyhusIIIb) with 61.5 percent.The average surgical time was 109.4 minutes, with a rough postoperative stay of 16 hours. The most frequent complications were cord hematoma and paresthesias. Conclusions: laparoscopic repair in patients with hernias of the inguinocrural region is an effective method associated with earlier recovery of patients, lower frequency of complications and higher aesthetic results than the conventional surgery(AU)

Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Primary and Recurrent Inguinal Hernia and its Repairs in Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital.

A total of 498 cases were followed up from the past 5 years data from hospital records to evaluate several aspects of Recurrence of Inguinal hernia and its repair in Medical College, Kolkata. The data included type of hernia, primary or recurrent hernia, year of primary operation, primary and recurrent operation type, nature of mesh used, years to recurrence, presence of risk factors. Inguinal hernia recurrence is found among 153 (30.72%) cases, with a male preponderance of primary hernia with considerable recurrence in female too. The left sided and indirect hernias seemed to be more prevalent than others. Early recurrence (37.91%) represented predominantly technical failures of the operative procedure and selection of patients. Both primary and recurrent hernias were found predominantly in the middle aged persons. An increase in incidence of primary and recurrent hernias was seen with advancement of time. The usual techniques that are implemented in repair of inguinal hernia were mostly the Laparoscopic technique (36.23%) and also Lichtenstein Repair in recurrent hernia cases (58.82%) with the use of Polypropelene mesh. Shouldice repair and Modified Bassini’s techniques are implemented in very few cases. Smoking, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Chronic Constipation, Diabetes and Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate were found to be the prominent risk factors in precipitating recurrence of inguinal hernia. The study points to the loop holes in the hospital’s strategy, to tackle with a case of inguinal hernia, which are necessary to be removed, in order to curb the morbidity of the patient and hospital management, by the overwhelming patient load.

Inguinal hernia; mesh repair recurrence

To find out the frequency of recurrence in inguinal hernia mesh repair in Surgical Unit, Khalifa Gulnawaz Teaching Hospital Bannu / DHQ, Bannu. 60 consecutive cases of inguinal hernia [direct/ indirect] of either side, in this study were repaired by Lichtenstein's repair. The study was conducted from January, 2010 to October, 2010 with an initial follow up of one year. Cases above 76 yrs were excluded from the study. The procedure of choice for inguinal hernia repair is tension free mesh repair

Tratamiento de la hernia inguinal ambulatorio versus hospitalizado / Inguinal hernia ambulatory treatment versus hospitalized

La hernia es una enfermedad que motiva asistencia frecuente a consulta. Con el objetivo de conocer cómo se comporta esta enfermedad en el medio se realizó un estudio retrospectivo para analizar el comportamiento de algunas variables relacionadas con la intervención quirúrgica en el servicio de Cirugía General, tanto ambulatorios como hospitalizados del Hospital General Provincial Docente Capitán Roberto Rodríguez Fernández de Morón en el periodo comprendido entre el 1ro de enero de 2005 y el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Se encontró que la mayoría de los pacientes estaban entre los 30 a 49 años y predominó el sexo masculino sobre el femenino. La mayoría de los individuos están sometidos a esfuerzos físicos. El lado de aparición de la hernia inguinal que más se encontró fue el derecho. Las complicaciones postoperatorias se presentaron en un 22.95 porciento de los casos, y las más frecuentes fueron la sepsis de la herida y los hematomas.

Hernia is a disease that motivates frequently attendance to consultation. With the objective to know how it behaves this disease it was carried out a retrospective study in order to analyze the behavior of some variables related to the surgical intervention the service of General Surgery,as much ambulatory as hospitalized from Teaching General Hospital “Capitán Roberto Rodríguez Fernandez” in Morón between January 1st , 2005 and December 31st , 2010.Most of the patients were between 30 and 49 years and masculine sex predominated on the feminine one. Most of them are put under physical effort. The inguinal hernia appeared more often in the right side. The postoperative complications appeared in a 22,95 percent of the cases, and the most frequent were the wound sepsis and hematomas.

Cirugía de la hernia inguinal en la tercera edad: ambulatoria y con hospitalización corta / Inguinal hernia surgery in third age patients: ambulatory and with a short hospitalization

INTRODUCCIÓN. La cirugía de la enfermedad herniaria de la pared abdominal, y en especial de la hernia inguinofemoral, ha sufrido un incremento pero en realidad su prevalencia se desconoce. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar el resultado del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hernia de la región inguinofemoral en los pacientes de la tercera edad atendidos en el Hospital General Docente Dr Enrique Cabrera. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio en 1 093 pacientes de la tercera edad operados de hernia inguinofemoral entre enero de 1999 y diciembre del 2008, en el Hospital General Docente Dr Enrique Cabrera. En todos los casos se ofreció al paciente la alternativa de ser operado de forma ambulatoria o con corta estadía. También se incluyeron los pacientes operados de urgencia. De entre los pacientes operados de forma electiva se excluyeron los que padecían enfermedades asociadas, cardiopulmonares o tromboembólicas de tipo ASA-III (clasificación de la American Society of Anesthesiologists). RESULTADOS. La mayor incidencia de la hernia inguinal se encontró en las edades de 60-69 años (59,3 por ciento). La hernia inguinal derecha, indirecta, apareció con mayor frecuencia. La técnica quirúrgica anatómica de Desarda fue la más aplicada en la hernia inguinal, y la técnica protésica de Lichtenstein, con el 32 por ciento, le siguió en frecuencia. Hubo un total de 20 recidivas (1,8 por ciento). Se aplicó anestesia local en el 75,4 por ciento de los pacientes, de forma ambulatoria en el 76,4 por ciento. El total de complicaciones fue de 78 (7,1 por ciento). CONCLUSIONES. El tratamiento quirúrgico de las hernias inguinofemorales, de forma ambulatoria o con corta hospitalización, es un procedimiento adecuado en pacientes de la tercera edad, ya que aumenta la comodidad de los pacientes, disminuye el riesgo de infección hospitalaria, reduce las listas de espera y los costos hospitalarios(AU)

INTRODUCTION. The surgery of hernial disease of abdominal wall and especially of the inguinofemoral hernia has increase but in fact its prevalence is unknown. The objective of present study was to assess the result of surgical treatment of the inguinofemoral region hernia in third-age patients seen in the Dr Enrique Cabrera Teaching General Hospital. METHODS. A study was conducted in 1 093 third-age patients operated on of inguinofemoral hernia from January, 1999 to December, 2008 in the above mentioned hospital. In all cases patients had the alternative to be operated on in ambulatory way or with a short hospital stay. Also, were included the patients operated on as an urgency. From the patients operated on in an elective way were excluded those suffering of associated, cardiopulmonary or thromboembolic ASA-III type diseases (classification of the American Society of Anesthesiology). RESULTS. The great incidence of the inguinal hernia was found in ages from 60-69 years (59,3 percent). The indirect right inguinal hernia was the more frequent. The Desarda's anatomical surgical technique was the more applied one in the inguinal hernia and the Lichtenstein's prosthetic technique with the 32 percent was the following in frequency. There were 20 relapses (1.8 percent). Local anesthesia was applied in the 75,4 percent of patients, in ambulatory way in the 76,4 percent. The total of complications was of 78 (7,1 percent). CONCLUSIONS. The surgical treatment of inguinofemoral hernias, ambulatory or with a short hospital stay is a suitable procedure in third-age patients since to increase the comfort of patients, to decrease the hospital infection risk, to reduce the waiting lists and the hospital costs(AU)

Utilidad del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico de las hernias inguinales / Utility of us in the diagnosis of inguinal hernias

Objective. To determine the utility of ultrasound study in the diagnosis of inguinal hernias. Methods. Between March 2007 and March 2010, 283 patients aged over 16 years, with suspected inguinal hernia and inconclusive physical examination were studied. Preoperatively, patients underwent US examination of the involved area and findings were subsequently correlated with surgical outcomes. Results. Utrasonographic and surgical diagnosis exhibited a coincidence rate of 94.7 per cent. Sensitivity and specificity were 96.7 percent and 81.6 percent, respectively, as for general diagnosis of hernias; 94.4 percent and 98.4 percent for direct inguinal hernias; 95.6 percent and 96.8 percent for indirect hernias.

Objetivos. Determinar la utilidad del ultrasonido en el diagnóstico de las hernias inguinales. Método. Entre marzo 2007 y marzo 2010 estudiamos 283 pacientes, mayores de 16 años, con sospecha de hernia inguinal y examen físico no concluyente a los que se les realizó ultrasonido de dicha región correlacionándolo con el diagnóstico quirúrgico. Resultados. El diagnóstico ultrasonográfico coincidió con el quirúrgico en el 94.7 por ciento de los casos. La sensibilidad y especificidad fue 96.7 por ciento y 81.6 por ciento para el diagnóstico general de hernias, 94.4 por ciento y 98.4 por ciento para las directas, 95.6 por ciento y 96.8 por ciento para las indirectas. Conclusiones. El estudio ultrasonográfico presenta un alto rendimiento en el diagnóstico de las hernias inguinales.

Dolor y costos hospitalarios en la reparación de la hernia inguinal primaria: Lichtenstein frente a Desarda / Pain and hospital costs in primary inguinal hernia repair: Lichtensten versus Desarda

La hernia inguinal tiene una alta incidencia en la población y representa un problema de salud por sus importantes implicaciones sociales y laborales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los resultados del tratamiento de la hernia inguinal mediante dos técnicas quirúrgicas distintas: una protésica (técnica de Lichtenstein) y otra anatómica (técnica de Desarda), haciendo hincapié en la valoración del dolor posoperatorio y los costos hospitalarios de dichos procedimientos, además de otros factores. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado de 625 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre enero de 2003 y enero del 2009 en el Hospital General Docente Dr Enrique Cabrera (La Habana). Fueron también estudiadas otras variables, como edad, localización y tipo de hernia, duración de la intervención y complicaciones. El tiempo quirúrgico fue menor en la hernioplastia de Lichtenstein y hubo un comportamiento similar en cuanto al dolor posoperatorio entre el primero y tercer día, y en la hernioplastia fue superior al quinto día. Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al costo hospitalario, que fue superior con la técnica protésica. Con la técnica de Desarda se obtienen los mismos resultados satisfactorios en las hernias no recidivadas que con la técnica de Lichtenstein, y el costo hospitalario es menor(AU)

The inguinal hernia has a high incidence in population and represents a health problem due to its significant social and working implications. The objective of present paper was to compare the results of inguinal hernia treatment using two different techniques: a prosthetic one (Lichtenstein technique) and other of anatomical type (Desarda's technique) emphasizing on evaluation of postoperative pain and the hospital costs due to such procedures in addition to other factors. A randomized and prospective study was conducted in 625patients operated on between January, 2003 and January, 2009 in the Dr Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital (La Habana). Other variables were also studied including the age, localization and the type of hernia, length of surgical intervention and the complications. The surgical time was minor in the Lischtenstein hernioplasty and there was a similar behavior as regards the postoperative pain between the first and the third day, and in the hernioplasty it was higher at fifth day. There was a significant statistic difference as regards the hospital cost that was higher using the prosthetic technique. With the Desarda's technique it is possible to obtain the same satisfactory results in non-relapsing hernias that with the Lichtenstein's technique and the hospital cost is minor(AU)

Hernioplastia laparoscópica sin fijadores específicos / Laparoscopic hernioplasty without specific fixers

INTRODUCCIÓN. Esta investigación tuvo el objetivo de mostrar los resultados preliminares del uso la hernioplastia laparoscópica sin fijadores específicos, en pacientes con hernia inguinal de tipo III según la Clasificación de Nyhus, en nuestro medio. MÉTODOS. Se documentaron los resultados preliminares de pacientes operados entre mayo de 2006 y febrero de 2007 y un seguimiento de 2 a 3 años hasta la actualidad. La muestra quedó conformada por 11 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por mínimo acceso. A todos se les realizó una plastia con prótesis de polipropileno: se fijó la malla en 4 de ellos y en los restantes 7 no se fijó, independientemente del tipo de abordaje empleado. No se utilizó ninguno de los fijadores específicos existentes en el mercado para este fin. RESULTADOS. El tiempo quirúrgico promedió 55 min y la curación del 100 por ciento se observó al año de seguimiento. Las complicaciones fueron: en el transoperatorio, hipercapnia transitoria en 1 de los 7 pacientes operados por vía totalmente extraperitoneal, y en el posoperatorio, un hematoma en uno de los puertos quirúrgicos, en el mismo paciente. Se utilizaron antibióticos en 2 pacientes, y la mortalidad fue nula. CONCLUSIONES. La hernioplastia laparoscópica para este tipo de hernia es efectiva aún sin fijadores específicos para la malla quirúrgica. El hecho de no fijar la malla ahorra tiempo quirúrgico, dolor posoperatorio, y no afecta la efectividad de la técnica. No es necesario usar antibioticoterapia profiláctica, a menos que el tiempo quirúrgico sea mayor de 2 h. La hernioplastia laparoscópica ahorra 19 993 € por cada 100 enfermos operados, cuando no se fija la malla quirúrgica(AU)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of present research was to show the preliminary results of laparoscopic hernioplasty use without specific fixers in patients presenting with type II inguinal hernia according the Nyhus classification in our practice. METHODS: Authors confirmed the preliminary results in patients operated on between May, 2006 and February, 2007 and a 2-3 years follow-up until present days. Sample included 11 patients operated on using the minimal access technique. All patients underwent a reconstruction with polypropylene prosthesis: mesh was placed in four of them but not in the remainder seven independently of the type of approach used. None of the specific fixers available in marked was used. RESULTS: Surgical time was of 55 minutes and at one year follow-up and the cure was of 100 percent. Complications included transoperative period, transient hypercapnia in one of the seven patients operated on via totally extraperitoneal, and in the postoperative period there was a hematoma in one of the surgical portals in the same patient. In two patients antibiotics were used and mortality was null. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic hernioplasty for this type of hernia is effective even without specific fixers for surgical mesh. No mesh fixation saves the surgical time, the postoperative pain, and no affect the technique effectiveness. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was not necessary if surgical time is more than 2 hours. Laparoscopic hernioplasty saves 19 993 € by patient operated on using surgical mesh(AU)

Hernias inguinales bilaterales operadas con anestesia local mediante hernioplastia de Lichtenstein / Bilateral inguinal hernias operated on with local anesthesia by Lichtenstein hernioplasty

INTRODUCCIÓN. La hernioplastia inguinal bilateral libre de tensión de Lichtenstein es una posibilidad real de tratamiento en pacientes con hernia inguinal bilateral. Este método es en esencia menos costoso para el paciente, la institución y la economía en general, y permite una reincorporación rápida a la sociedad, por lo cual en el presente estudio se presentaron los resultados de este protocolo de tratamiento, con la finalidad de evaluar su efectividad. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con los primeros 38 pacientes operados con la técnica de Lichtenstein mediante anestesia local (técnica combinada de Braun y de Shleider). Los pacientes fueron operados de forma ambulatoria entre enero de 2001 y diciembre del 2007. Se dio el alta en la tarde, si la operación fue en la mañana; y al amanecer del día siguiente, si se operó en la tarde, con el objetivo de evitar la equimosis declive con la movilización precoz. RESULTADOS. Cuatro de los pacientes presentaban hernias recurrentes. El material protésico más empleado fue el polipropileno (86,9 por ciento). Las complicaciones alcanzaron el 9,1 por ciento (referidas no a los 38 pacientes, sino a las 76 hernioplastias); y después de un seguimiento que osciló entre 1 y 36 meses, se presentó un rechazo al material protésico (1,3 por ciento) y una recidiva (1,3 por ciento). CONCLUSIONES. Se concluyó que este procedimiento es aplicable a las hernias bilaterales, ya que el estrés, los costos institucionales y las molestias del paciente se reducen, con lo cual demuestra su eficacia(AU)

INTRODUCTION. Lichtenstein's tension free bilateral inguinal hernioplasty is a real possibility for treating patients with bilateral inguinal hernia. This method is essentially less expensive for the patient, the institution and the economy in general, and it allows a fast reincorporation to society. Therefore, the results of this treatment protocol were included in the present study aimed at evaluating its effectiveness. METHODS. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the first 38 patients operated on by Lichtenstein's technique with local anesthesia (Braun and Sheleider's combined technique). The patients underwent ambulatory surgery between January 2001 and December 2007. The patients operated on in the morning were discharged in the afternoon, whereas those operated in the afternoon were discharged next morning in order to prevent the ecchymosis with the early mobilization. RESULTS. Four of the patients had recurrent hernias. The most used prosthetic material was polypropilene (86.9 percent). The complications accounted for 9.1 percent (referred not to the 38 patients, but to the 76 hernioplasties). After a follow-up ranging from 1 to 36 months, a rejection to the prosthetic material (1.3 percent) and a relapse (1.3 percent) were observed. CONCLUSIONS. It was concluded that this material may be applied to bilateral hernias, since stress, institutional costs and the patient's discomforts are reduced, showing this way its efficiency(AU)

Frequency of external hernias in Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad

Hernia is a protrusion of a viscous or a part of a viscous through an abnormal opening in wall of its containing cavity. Different external hernias present differently and ultimate treatment is surgical, which is most commonly performed elective operation in the world. The objectives were to know the age and gender wise frequency of external hernias in Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. This retrospective study was conducted at the surgical units of Ayub Teaching Hospital during June 2004 to June 2005. Records of all cases of hernias operated in Ayub Teaching Hospital during June 2004 to June 2005 were retrieved from the operation registers of the entire three surgical units available at the operation theatres. The data was collected on a proforma and was analysed by SPSS-16. Of the 1063 cases, 982 [92.38%] were male and 81 [7.62%] were female. Right Inguinal Hernia [RIH] was the most frequent as expected, i.e., 44.12%, followed by Left Inguinal Hernias [LIH] 18.72%. Least common hernias were femoral hernias with a frequency of 0.85%. It is concluded that 85% hernias occur in the groin, with 12% incisional and only 3% hernias occur elsewhere. To reduce the rate of complications, health education is the most important intervention. For future health planning maintenance of disease register can not be over emphasized

Day case inguinal hernia surgery in Nigerian children: prospective study

Background: There has been an increase in day case surgery for children worldwide; but there have been few reports of the practice (most of them being retrospec-tive) by many of the surgical sub-specialties in the sub-region. The aim of this study was to document our experience with day case inguinal hernia surgery in a developing economy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of uncomplicated inguinal hernias treated as day case at OAUTHC between April 2004 and December 2004. Data were collected and analysed. Results: Eighty-eight patients were recruited into the study and none defaulted. There were 88 patients; (M:F = 16.6:1). A majority (n = 54) of the hernias occurred on the right side; while just a few (n = 18) occurred on the left. There were 5 cases of wound infections giving an infection rate of 4.8. In all; the morbidity following day case inguinal hernia surgery was slight and no patient required readmission into the hospital. Conclusion: Day case inguinal hernia surgery in children is safe and well accepted by patients and parents alike. Health institutions in which children with inguinal hernias still queue for long periods for space on the operation list need to adopt day case surgery for inguinal hernia in order to forestall the risk of their obstruction

Prevalencia de la cirugía de las hernias inguinales / Prevalence of inguinal hernia repair

No hemos encontrado en Chile publicaciones sobre la prevalencia de las herniorrafias inguinales y el objeto de esta presentación es dar a conocer estas tasas así como un estudio sobre la frecuencia de las hernias inguinales y su distribución por edad y sexo en el Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Oriente (SSMO) de Santiago. El estudio a nivel nacional se efectuó en los egresados del año 2002 utilizando las bases de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, y del Ministerio de Salud. El estudio desarrollado en el SSMO, se llevó a cabo empleando los archivos del Departamento de Bioestadística del SSMO y las bases de datos elaboradas en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Salvador y en la Unidad de Cirugía del CRS Cordillera Oriente de Santiago. La prevalencia de las herniorrafias inguinales en Chile fue 138,2/100.000 habitantes; esta cifra fue de 139,3 para los pacientes adscritos al Sistema Público de Salud, de 121 para los adscritos a las ISAPRES y de 119,5 para los asegurados en la (CAPREDENA). Dentro de la Región Metropolitana, la tasa del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Oriente (SSMO) fue, con 217, superior a los restantes Servicios de Salud Metropolitanos que mostraron una tasa promedio de 110,8/100.000 habitantes. Estas tasas dan cuenta de una mala accesibilidad al tratamiento. El estudio efectuado en el SSMO mostró que las herniorrafias inguinales fueron el 59,3 por ciento del total. Esta proporción fue de 87,2 por ciento en la población infantil y de un 56,4 por ciento en los adultos. La relación varón/mujer general fue de 2,7/1 para las herniorrafias inguinales, siendo 4/1 para los adultos y 1,7/1 para los menores de 15 años. Estas cifras son muy inferiores a la dada a conocer en la literatura. Las herniorrafias inguinales se observaron con una frecuencia 13 veces mayor en el primer año de vida que en los años siguientes.

Inguinal hernias and genital abnormalities in young Jordanian males

This study was carried out to document the prevalence of inguinal hernia, hypospadias, undescended testis and varicocele in 3057 male applicants to the military wing of Mu'ta University in the south of Jordan. Age range was 17-20 years. A total of 250 men had one of the 4 conditions: 93 [3.0%] had inguinal hernia; 15 [0.5%] had undescended testis [26.7% bilateral]; 59 [1.9%] had hypospadias; 83 [2.7%] had varicocele [98.79% on the left side]. Prevalence of inguinal hernia and undescended testis were comparable with international prevalence rates, while the rate for hypospadias was higher and that for varicocele lower. A birth defects registration system would help in planning preventive and treatment strategies

Mathieu repair in distal penile hypospadias with or without stent

To compare the outcome of two techniques for repair of distal penile hypospadias: Mathieus repair with and without stent. Prospective observational descriptive study. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from September 2000 to September 2002. Sixty boys were randomly assigned the two groups of thirty boys each. Detailed scrutiny of procedure done and analyses of the clinical outcome made prospectively. A total of sixty patients were treated in two separate groups. All the boys had Mathieus repair done for distal hypospadias. In group A stent/ indwelling catheter was used for 7-8 days while in group B no stent was used. Stratification was done using Chi square test. Median age was 4 years and most of them belonged to low socioeconomic class [61.6%]. A high percentage [48.3% were born to mothers of age ranging from 30-40 years. Sixteen [26.66%] patients had a family history of hypospadias. Only twelve mothers [2 0%] gave a positive history of drug intake in first trimester. Sixteen [26.66%] patients had associated anomalies of undescended testis / inguinal hernia. Twenty four [40%] patients were brought because of the abnormal appearance of the childs penis while their stream [21.66%] and dysuria [25%] were presenting complaints of two other major groups. Mathieus repair was done in all cases with group A. Thirty boys [50%] having a stent post operatively and the group B thirty boys [50%] were without stent. Total complications rate is 46.66% with group a showing eight cases [26.66%] and group B having twenty [66.66%] cases with compliec. Major complication in group B was urinary retention in eleven cases [36.66%] while no patient had retention in group A. overall twenty six [86.66%] in group A and twenty one [70%] in group B showed satisfactory results. Mathieus repair without stent has been advantage of shorter hospital stay but a fair proportion of patients [36.66%] having urinary retention calls for further studies on a larger scale